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Toll Free: (866) 440-8665 Local: (916) 408-2442 Fax: (916) 993-3949. O-Ring Groove Design Guides Expert Application Engineering Assistance. O-ring groove design guides offer default dimensional guidance on the most basic o-ring groove design applications. The best o-rings are useless without the right groove design which becomes increasingly important the more demanding the application environment.
Can O-rings be used in rectangular or non-circular groove patterns? This question comes up weekly, and the answer is a resounding “Yes!” however there are definite guidelines we want to follow. A non-circular face seal footprint might also be called a racetrack groove, a wandering groove or a custom plan view. When using an O-ring, the main design consideration is the corner or smallest radius (shown “r” in diagram). The inside radius should be at least three times the O-ring cross sectional diameter. In a perfect world, six times greater is even better. What we want to avoid is over-stressing the O-ring around the bend, or causing a corner crease which increases likelihood of corner leakage. Designing the radius at six times the cross section will minimize the bending stress, resulting in increased service life.
Ideal design: r > 6 x W diameter but no less than r > 3 x W diameter
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To minimize installation difficulties arising from stretch or OD compression on the seal, the centerline perimeter of the groove should match the centerline circumference of the O-ring. The rectangular cross section of the groove will follow the suggested guidelines in the O-Ring Handbook.
For those times when hardware real estate is at a premium and we simply cannot increase the inside corner radii to the desired size, an alternative option is the O-Seal. The O-Seal has a round cross section like an O-ring. However the footprint of the O-Seal is designed to match the shape of the groove. The primary advantage of the O-Seal is custom molding to fit the exact groove, eliminating the concern that comes with bending stress at the corners. A smaller corner radii can be used for the groove, allowing the footprint to fit perfectly within the application’s design constraints.
If there are multiple ports or openings on the face, or bolt holes to contour around, these seals can be consolidated into a single O-seal solution. By consolidating seals, the installation process becomes much easier. All seals are ready to be installed at the same time, and the risk of installing the incorrect seal material is eliminated. This may offer the added advantage of streamlining the bill of materials and simplifying the amount of stock to be replenished during the assembly process.
O-Seals are available in nearly every material family and engineered for optimum size and configuration for each unique application. Parker Application Engineers are happy to assist you with your racetrack groove design or a custom O-Seal. Please contact us today via online chat or by email by visiting Parker O-Ring and Engineered Seals Division website.
This article was contributed by Dorothy Kern , applications engineer lead, O-Ring & Engineered Seals Division
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For more than 40 years, Marco Rubber and Plastics has been offering custom and standard o-rings and other sealing solutions for multiple industries. With millions of products produced and shipped annually, we are the experts your organization needs to seal the success of your application. Speak with an engineer today at 603-468-3600.
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| O-Ring Gland Surface Finish | -16Ra to seal gas
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| O-Ring Eccentricity & Side Loading |
High Pressure Extrusion Most o-rings are designed to operate at pressures up to 1,500 psi. At higher pressures, the material must have enough strength to resist extruding into the clearance gap. The chart shows the recommended combined limits of clearance, gap, material hardness and system pressure differential. To avoid extrusion at high temperature, reduce the extrusion gap, increase the seal material hardness or add a back-up ring to the o-ring but will require a wider gland.
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Cycling pressure can cause the o-ring to move back and forth within the gland. This motion can damage seals with low abrasion resistant materials. A higher durometer or an abrasion resistant material is recommended for these applications.
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